Remedial Action Objectives (RAOs) have been developed in consultation with EPA and CTDEP for Operations Area/Railroad soil; overburden and bedrock groundwater; overburden and bedrock NAPL areas;
and Cianci Property soil and sediment.

The RAOs were developed based upon potential human health or ecological risks associated with exposure to these areas of the site. The objectives for each area of the Site are presented below.

Operations Area/Railroad Soil – Human Health

Prevent potential human exposure (dermal contact, ingestion, and inhalation) to soil with contaminants that would result in an excess carcinogenic risk of 1 x 10-4 to 1 x 10-6, non-carcinogenic Hazard Index greater
than 1, a cumulative risk from multiple contaminants exceeding a lifetime cancer risk of 1 x 10-5 or that exceed ARARs (regulatory criteria); and prevent migration of contaminants from soils to would result in
groundwater concentrations that exceed ARARS or otherwise present an unacceptable risk.

Operations Area/Railroad Soil – Protection of the Environment

Prevent migration of contaminants from soils that would result in groundwater concentrations that exceed ARARs or present an unacceptable risk.

Cianci Property Soil and Sediment – Human Health

None identified.

Cianci Property Soil and Sediment – Protection of the Environment

Prevent potential ecological risks associated with SRSNE-related contaminants.

Although surface water in the culvert area also presented an unacceptable ecological risk from PCBs, risks will be addressed by actions taken to address PCBs in sediment in the same location.  As a result, no
remedial action objectives were identified for surface water.

Overburden NAPL Area – Human Health

Reduce or stabilize the NAPL mass that would otherwise result in groundwater concentrations that pose an excess carcinogenic risk of 1 x 10-4 to 1 x 10-6, non-carcinogenic Hazard Index greater than 1, a cumulative risk from multiple contaminants exceeding a lifetime cancer risk of 1 x 10-5, or that exceed ARARs.

Overburden NAPL Area – Protection of the Environment

Reduce NAPL mass in this area to achieve one or more of the following:

• Shorten the time frame that groundwater standards are exceeded;
• Shrink the size of the groundwater contaminant plume;
• Reduce groundwater contaminant concentrations; and
• Prevent the migration of NAPL.

Overburden Groundwater – Human Health

Prevent potential human exposure (dermal contact, ingestion, and inhalation) to overburden groundwater with contaminants that would result in an excess carcinogenic risk of 1 x 10-4 to 1 x 10-6, non-carcinogenic Hazard Index greater than 1, a cumulative risk from multiple contaminants exceeding a lifetime cancer risk of 1 x 10-5 or that exceed ARARs.

Overburden Groundwater – Protection of the Environment

Restore groundwater quality to meet ARARs.

Bedrock NAPL Area – Human Health

Minimize expansion of the extent of contaminated bedrock groundwater due to further NAPL migration.

Bedrock NAPL Area – Protection of the Environment

Minimize expansion of the extent of contaminated bedrock groundwater due to further NAPL migration.

Bedrock Groundwater – Human Health

Prevent potential human exposure (dermal contact, ingestion, and inhalation) to bedrock groundwater with contaminants that would result in an excess carcinogenic risk of 1 x 10-4 to 1 x 10-6, non-carcinogenic Hazard Index of 1, a cumulative risk from multiple contaminants exceeding a lifetime cancer risk of 1 x 10-5 or that exceed ARARs.

Bedrock Groundwater – Protection of the Environment

Prevent continuing migration of contaminants exceeding ARARs or that presents an unacceptable risk from the bedrock groundwater; and restore bedrock groundwater to ARARs once VOC residuals are depleted.